# Chapter1.py
# Line Comment
'''
3 single quotes Block Comment
Naming Convention Best Practices OOP
ApplicationNames TitleCase !numbers,specialchars
Factories Docker/Containers TitleCase
PROVIDERS UPPERCASE INPUTS OUTPUTS API AGENT
Services WebServices MicroServices Dependencies Injectables TitleCase
Class TitleCase, !startNumber, !test_ or $_test, !Test_ or $_Test
Object camelCase myObj or lowercase age
property -> type(data,ref,class,etc...) varName  firstName as string camelCase or lowercase
<value> data
'''

'''
data types assign (=) value
bit 0 or 1
8 bits -> 1 byte
byte -> 01000001 'A' or 33  64/32/16/8/4/2/1
byte -> 01000010 'B' or 34
byte -> 01000011 'C' or 35
char -> 'B' 'o' 'B'
string -> "Bob" or 'Bob' string of 3 chars
integer -> 35
float -> 35.25
boolean (bool) -> True False !Null
complex -> 1f
others ...
'''

# page 10 arithmetic operators
# Python IMPLICITLY implies the type from the value's wrapper

x = 7 # no wrapper around 7 so this defines x as number(int)
y = 7.25 # y as number(float)
z = "4" # varName z as string assigned value 4
vipStatus = True # varName vipStatus as boolen assigned value True

# string age; Explicitly defines firstName as string
# age = 7; # fail a test (== or ===) Can not implicitly convert number to string

'''
+ -> numbers (arthimetic operations)  string (joins)
"7" + "7" -> "77"
7 + 7 -> 14
7 + "7" -> error mismatched data types
7 + int("7") -> 14 int() function to convert "7" -> 7
"Bob" + " " + "Smith" -> "Bob Smith"
'''

a = 7
b = 4
c = a + b
print('Result', c) # 11 -> print() stdout<Terminal>

# assigning " "    firstName = "Bob"
# parameter  ' '    ('Result')
# injector ` `   SQL query

# Asserting the expected vs actual value arithmetic operators
## software testing -> order of operations must be defined
## Friday we will use pytest and the Assert test class

# page 14 thru 18 strings
# strings have ' or " wrapper around the value
# strings -> List of characters "Bob"  List['B','o','b'] len(3) 0:2

# 3 common methods for joining strings -> string interpolation
## join + -> the join tests data type then does the operation (objType)
###  "Bob" + " " + str(7) + "Smith" + vipStatus.ToString()
## template vars {} (view) -> do not test type
fName = "Bob" # string
age = 10 # int
contactInfo = "Contact Name {fName} Contact Age {age}"
## parameters ,  -> pass values to other objects
apiCall = fName, age  # Bob, 10

lName = "Smith"

# Strings are indexed because list of chars
# Create a menu for last name initials
lnameInitials = lName[0]  # S
print(lnameInitials)
## Out of Range Exception
## len(3) -> call lname[7]  ? Out of Range Exception

# Inputs on page 18 input()
# In Object Orientated Programming (OOP) ALL INPUTS are typed as string
# <input> txtControl input()
input_age = input("Enter your age: ")  # type string
## BUT we need to use it as an integer -> int() to convert the variable
age = int(input_age) # convert "21" -> 21
# input_age -> string
# age -> int

# IF you are ALWAYS going to use it as a number, a best practice would be to convert it during the userinput

quantity = int( input("Enter qty needed: ") )
quantityAsString = str(quantity)

# Loops page 21 thru 24

# 2 common keywords for looping thru operation
## while
## for

# Control loops 3 methods
## Method 1 -> the control is handled by the while/for keyword
## Method 2 -> continue to ask a loop to go back to the start
## Method 3 -> break to ask the loop to break out of the operation to the end

# 3 elements that need to be defined in ALL loops
## control variable -> controls the loop
## condition -> tests the control for pass/fail (!True or False)
## exp or operation for the return of the test

# control
i = 0

# loop keyword (condition test)
while i < 10:
    # scope or operation for while
    print(i)
    i = i + 1 # addition operator
    # i += 1 increment

    # tab indent error -> check your tab levels or 4 nb spaces