# Chapter5.py

'''
Factory -> Creators
PROVIDERS -> api/input "provide or inject" into the app
Services -> web services "logic"
Classes -> Blueprint for objects 
attributes -> init on the class
Objects -> objs in memory
Functions -> isolate REUSABLE blocks of code  DRY
property / variable<type> -> firstName as string
value -> Bob

'''
'''
### Use variables to define a customer ###
# variable in memory
firstName = "Bob" # firstName as string assigned value Bob
lastName = "Smith"

fName, lName = "Jane", "Doe" # chapter 7 pythonic
'''

### Use a function to define a customer using property  var<type> ###
def customer(age=21):
    age = age # variable = param passed
    firstName = "Bob"
    lastName = "Smith"
    fullName = firstName + " " + lastName # join operator constructing obj
    return fullName, age

# call the function
customerFullName, customerAge = customer() # Assigning the return to a variable
print(customerFullName, customerAge) # testing  Bob Smith, 21

### Use a class to define a customer using attributes ###
# pages 53-55
class Customer: # Best Practice to use TitleCase for class objects 

    # Instead of using properties of an object, we are going to define attributes of a class
    ## happens On Initialization "aka at runtime init"
    ## it does NOT wait for assignment -> happens later
    '''
    objName -> obj visible in memory
    _objName -> obj hidden in memory
    __Name__ -> attribute of a class    
    '''
    
    def __init__(self, firstName, lastName, age):
        # param1 (who/where) self -> "at the warehouse" cls -> "after delivery"
        # param2 ... (data constructed)
        # variables just have an objName
        # Properties are defined by "this".Name  self.Name = or cls.Name = 
        self.firstName = firstName
        self.lastName = lastName
        self.age = age
        # class attributes are not "RETURNED" aka using the return keyword like a function, they are created using a "new instance of" the class objects. There is no "call" of a class like we do with a function, BECAUSE the class was pre-built on initialization
        
        
### Application using a class ###
### probably coded somewhere else where main() statement is defined
### new instance of the class objects

### data set ###
var_firstName = "Jane"
# PythonLevel2_1113<NameSpace/App>.Chapter5<Module>.prop<var_firstName:str>.value<Jane>
var_lastName = "Doe"
var_age = 29
################

# initialize a new instance of an object based on a class
## = var assigned value
## now = object as new instance of class
## (tuple) is the constructor for the data
customer1 = Customer(var_firstName, var_lastName, var_age)
customer2 = Customer("Philip", "Matusiak", 29)

print(customer2.firstName) # Philip
# PythonLevel2_1113<NameSpace/App>.Chapter5<Module>.Customer<Class>.Object<customer2>.attr<firstName:str>.value<Philip>

### instance methods page 55, static methods page 57, class methods 57 ###
class Product:

    # Global attrs
    # Initialized __init__ attrs
    # static methods (initialized attrs on class)
    # class methods  (global attrs)
    # functions and instance methods (use anything)
    
    # Global attrs for the class
    taxRate = 0 # initially set to non taxable

    # instance method page 55
    # initialize objs as attr of a class
    def __init__(self, name, price): # Product("widget 1", 52.50)
        self.name = name
        self.price = price # Product.product1.price<52.50>

    # static method page 57
    # used as a way to "support" other functions and methods
    # we have an object<self.price> and we want to apply something to that object WITHOUT changing the original object and then returning something new
    # function -> static method (add a decorator/annotator)
    @staticmethod # commonly don't use the self or cls for param1
    def applyDiscount(price, discountRate): # 10 or .10 (1-.10)
        return price * (1 - discountRate) # 52.50 * .90
    
    # we need to use that static method to update the price in the cart
    def updatePrice(self, discount):
        self.price = self.applyDiscount(self.price, discount)
        # there is no return keyword BECAUSE the self keyword is "returning the updated price to the class"
    
    # class method 
    ## Global attr of a class (tax rate)
    ## aka "it is a function in a class". There is no instance object in memory<instance method> and it is mutatable<!static method
    @classmethod
    def setTaxRate(cls, newTaxRate): # this setter of the Tax Rate can be used anywhere the class exists
        cls.taxRate = newTaxRate # setTaxRate(.07)
        # this would set the global attr for the class.taxRate to .07

    # method  self.price(instance object of the class)
    def calculateTaxRate(self):
        return self.price * Product.taxRate

#### Product Class Examples ####
#  new instance of a Product class
product1 = Product("Widget 1", 100)

# calling the attr name<name> thru the instance name<product1>  
print(f"Product Name: {product1.name} - Original Product Price: ${product1.price:.2f}")

# Use an EXISTING instance of a Product (product1) and use the static method
product1DiscountedPrice = Product.applyDiscount(product1.price, .20)
print(f"Product 1 Discounted Price: ${product1DiscountedPrice:.2f}")

# product1 -> name, price, product1DiscountedPrice

# initialize a Product Class AND use a method from that class at the same time
product2DiscountedPrice = Product.applyDiscount(100, .10)
print(f"Product 2 Discounted Price: ${product2DiscountedPrice:.2f}")
# product2 -> product2DiscountedPrice

# Tax rate examples
## Current tax rate = 0 -> Global attr cls.taxRate

### Tax Table ###
'''
# Tax table in a dictionary
taxTable = [
    { "state": "Florida", "rate": .07 },
    { "state": "Iowa", "rate": .05 }
]
'''
taxable = "yes"
state1, rate1 = "Florida", .07
state2, rate2 = "Iowa", .05

state = input("Enter your state: ")

'''
product7 = Product("widget 7", 100)
for state, rate in enumerate(taxTable):
    print("logic for product7 loop")
'''


if (taxable == "no"):
    # Product is Non Taxable
    product3 = Product("Widget 3", 100)
    lineItemTotal3 = product3.price + product3.calculateTaxRate() # 100
    '''
    product3.price + product3.calculateTaxRate()
    100 + self.price * Product.taxRate
    100 + 100 * Product.taxRate
    current value for Product.taxRate<0>
    100 + 100 * 0 -> 100 + 0 -> 100
    '''
    print(f"Product 3 Total with Tax: ${lineItemTotal3:.2f}")

elif (taxable == "yes" and state == "Florida"):
    # class method that sets the new tax rate setTaxRate(pass the new value)
    Product.setTaxRate(rate1) # cls.taxRate = .07
    print(f"Tax rate: {Product.taxRate * 100:.2f}%")  # 7%
    product4 = Product("Widget 4", 100)
    lineItemTotal4 = product4.price + product4.calculateTaxRate()
    print(f"Product 4 Total with Tax: ${lineItemTotal4:.2f}") # 107.00

elif (taxable == "yes" and state == "Iowa"):
    # class method that sets the new tax rate setTaxRate(pass the new value)
    Product.setTaxRate(rate2) # cls.taxRate = .05
    print(f"Tax rate: {Product.taxRate * 100:.2f}%") # 5%
    product5 = Product("Widget 5", 100)
    lineItemTotal5 = product5.price + product5.calculateTaxRate()
    print(f"Product 5 Total with Tax: ${lineItemTotal5:.2f}") # 105.00

else:
    Product.setTaxRate(0)
    print(f"Tax rate: {Product.taxRate * 100}%") # 0%

# EOF